查看内存分布pmap
The pmap command reports the memory map of a process or processes.
pmap 提供了进程的内存映射，用于显示一个或多个进程的内存状态，报告进程的地址空间和内存状态信息。
测试代码如下：
#include <iostream>#include <unistd.h>using namespace std;int main(){int i = 0;char a[100];for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(a); ++i){a[i] = i;}while(1){cout << "get pid " << getpid() << endl;int *ptr = new int[1000];sleep(1);}return 0;}
使用pmap -d [PID]，表示以设备格式方式查看。
fzz@ubuntu:~/src/testCPP$ pmap -d 41064106: ./testCPPAddress Kbytes Mode Offset Device Mapping000000000040000012 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 testCPP0000000000602000 4 r---- 0000000000002000 008:00001 testCPP0000000000603000 4 rw--- 0000000000003000 008:00001 testCPP000000000229a000200 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7ec7414000 1056 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 libm-2.23.so00007f7ec751c000 2044 ----- 0000000000108000 008:00001 libm-2.23.so00007f7ec771b000 4 r---- 0000000000107000 008:00001 libm-2.23.so00007f7ec771c000 4 rw--- 0000000000108000 008:00001 libm-2.23.so00007f7ec771d000 1792 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 libc-2.23.so00007f7ec78dd000 2048 ----- 00000000001c0000 008:00001 libc-2.23.so00007f7ec7add00016 r---- 00000000001c0000 008:00001 libc-2.23.so00007f7ec7ae1000 8 rw--- 00000000001c4000 008:00001 libc-2.23.so00007f7ec7ae300016 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7ec7ae700092 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 libgcc_s.so.100007f7ec7afe000 2044 ----- 0000000000017000 008:00001 libgcc_s.so.100007f7ec7cfd000 4 r---- 0000000000016000 008:00001 libgcc_s.so.100007f7ec7cfe000 4 rw--- 0000000000017000 008:00001 libgcc_s.so.100007f7ec7cff000 1868 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 libstdc++.so.6.0.2800007f7ec7ed2000 2048 ----- 00000000001d3000 008:00001 libstdc++.so.6.0.2800007f7ec80d200044 r---- 00000000001d3000 008:00001 libstdc++.so.6.0.2800007f7ec80dd00012 rw--- 00000000001de000 008:00001 libstdc++.so.6.0.2800007f7ec80e000012 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7ec80e3000152 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00001 ld-2.23.so00007f7ec82eb00024 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7ec8308000 4 r---- 0000000000025000 008:00001 ld-2.23.so00007f7ec8309000 4 rw--- 0000000000026000 008:00001 ld-2.23.so00007f7ec830a000 4 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007ffee87e4000132 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ stack ]00007ffee885800012 r---- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007ffee885b000 8 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]ffffffffff600000 4 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]mapped: 13680K writeable/private: 424K shared: 0K
使用pmap -X [PID] 则可以查看更加详细的内存映像（扩展格式）
fzz@ubuntu:~/src/testCPP$ pmap -X 43634363: ./testCPPAddress Perm Offset Device Inode Size Rss Pss Referenced Anonymous LazyFree ShmemPmdMapped Shared_Hugetlb Private_Hugetlb Swap SwapPss Locked Mapping00400000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 1175070 12 12 12 12 0 0 0 00 0 00 testCPP00602000 r--p 00002000 08:01 11750704 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 testCPP00603000 rw-p 00003000 08:01 11750704 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 testCPP00ec7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 200 96 96 96 96 0 0 00 0 00 [heap]7f9537874000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 926551 1056 176 3 176 0 0 0 00 0 00 libm-2.23.so7f953797c000 ---p 00108000 08:01 926551 2044 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 libm-2.23.so7f9537b7b000 r--p 00107000 08:01 9265514 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 libm-2.23.so7f9537b7c000 rw-p 00108000 08:01 9265514 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 libm-2.23.so7f9537b7d000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 926594 1792 1164 13 1164 0 0 0 00 0 00 libc-2.23.so7f9537d3d000 ---p 001c0000 08:01 926594 2048 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 libc-2.23.so7f9537f3d000 r--p 001c0000 08:01 926594 16 16 16 16 16 0 0 00 0 00 libc-2.23.so7f9537f41000 rw-p 001c4000 08:01 9265948 8 88 8 0 0 00 0 00 libc-2.23.so7f9537f43000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 16 8 88 8 0 0 00 0 00 7f9537f47000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 926430 92 88 2 88 0 0 0 00 0 00 libgcc_s.so.17f9537f5e000 ---p 00017000 08:01 926430 2044 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 libgcc_s.so.17f953815d000 r--p 00016000 08:01 9264304 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 libgcc_s.so.17f953815e000 rw-p 00017000 08:01 9264304 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 libgcc_s.so.17f953815f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 6136 1868 1276 41 1276 0 0 0 00 0 00 libstdc++.so.6.0.287f9538332000 ---p 001d3000 08:01 6136 2048 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 libstdc++.so.6.0.287f9538532000 r--p 001d3000 08:01 6136 44 44 44 44 44 0 0 00 0 00 libstdc++.so.6.0.287f953853d000 rw-p 001de000 08:01 6136 12 12 12 12 12 0 0 00 0 00 libstdc++.so.6.0.287f9538540000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 12 12 12 12 12 0 0 00 0 00 7f9538543000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 926314 152 152 1 152 0 0 0 00 0 00 ld-2.23.so7f953874b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 24 24 24 24 24 0 0 00 0 00 7f9538768000 r--p 00025000 08:01 9263144 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 ld-2.23.so7f9538769000 rw-p 00026000 08:01 9263144 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 ld-2.23.so7f953876a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 04 4 44 4 0 0 00 0 00 7ffc4ae5d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 132 12 12 12 12 0 0 00 0 00 [stack]7ffc4af69000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 12 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 [vvar]7ffc4af6c000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 08 4 04 0 0 0 00 0 00 [vdso]ffffffffff600000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 04 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 [vsyscall]===== ==== === ========== ========= ======== ============== ============== =============== ==== ======= ====== 13680 3140 340 3140 268 0 0 00 0 00 KB
Address: 内存开始地址Kbytes: 分配的虚拟内存块大小（KB）RSS（Resident Set Size - 常驻内存集）: 保留在内存的字节数（KB）,top命令输出中的RES和pmap输出中的RSS是一个东西。表征的是物理内存。Dirty: 脏页的字节数（包括共享和私有的）（KB）Mode: 内存的权限：read、write、executeMapping: 占用内存的文件、[anon]（匿名的，表示在磁盘上没有对应的文件）、[stack]（栈）Offset: 文件偏移Device: 设备名 (major:minor)anonymous （anon 匿名的意思）：表示在磁盘上没有对应的文件，这些一般都是可执行文件或者动态库里的bss段、heap(堆)。当然有对应文件的mapping也有可能是anonymous，比如文件的数据段
参考
Linux：VSS、RSS、PSS和USS的图解说明
Linux进程的内存使用情况
Linux Pmap 命令：查看进程用了多少内存
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